Output of Python Program | Set 9 (Bool)

Output of Python Program | Set 9 (Boolean Operations)

Boolean operations are at the heart of decision-making in Python. They evaluate expressions that result in True or False, and are widely used in conditionals, loops, and logic-based programming. In this post, we explore typical boolean output patterns and what they mean.

Understanding Boolean Values

In Python, the boolean type has only two values: True and False. Operations and comparisons evaluate to one of these values:

print(5 > 3)     # True
print(5 == 5)    # True
print(5 != 5)    # False
print(4 <= 3)    # False

These examples show basic comparison operators evaluating to boolean results.

Logical Operators: and, or, not

Logical operators combine or invert boolean expressions:

print(True and False)  # False
print(True or False)   # True
print(not True)        # False

Combining operators lets you build more complex conditions.

Boolean with Membership and Identity

Python allows membership and identity checks to determine if an element exists in a collection or if two variables refer to the same object:

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(3 in nums)             # True
print(5 not in nums)         # True

a = [1, 2]
b = a
c = [1, 2]
print(a is b)     # True
print(a is c)     # False

The is operator checks if two names refer to the same object.

Practice Problem

Try predicting the output of the following code snippet:

a = 10
b = 20
result = (a < b) and (a + b == 30) or not (a == b - 10)
print(result)

Solution to Practice Problem

(a < b) is True, (a + b == 30) is True, so the and expression is True. The or expression short-circuits, so not(...) is not evaluated. Thus, the final output is:

True

Conclusion

Understanding boolean output is foundational to writing correct and efficient Python code. From comparisons to membership, identity, and logical combinations, mastering these concepts ensures your conditions and control flow perform as intended. Keep practicing boolean logic to uncover deeper insights into your programs.