Input and Output in Python

Introduction

Input and output operations are fundamental in Python programming. They allow interaction with users and display of results. Python provides built-in functions like input() and print() to facilitate these operations.

Reading Input with input()

The input() function prompts the user for input and returns it as a string. To obtain other data types, explicit type conversion is necessary.

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello,", name, "!")

Output:

Enter your name: Alice
Hello, Alice !

Type Conversion

Since input() returns a string, converting it to other types like integers or floats requires casting.

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("You are", age, "years old.")

Output:

Enter your age: 30
You are 30 years old.

Printing Output with print()

The print() function displays output to the console. It can print strings, variables, and expressions.

print("Welcome to Python programming!")

Output:

Welcome to Python programming!

Printing Multiple Variables

Multiple variables can be printed by separating them with commas.

name = "Bob"
age = 25
print(name, "is", age, "years old.")

Output:

Bob is 25 years old.

Taking Multiple Inputs

To take multiple inputs in a single line, use split().

x, y = input("Enter two numbers: ").split()
print("First number:", x)
print("Second number:", y)

Output:

Enter two numbers: 10 20
First number: 10
Second number: 20

Conditional Input Handling

Inputs can be used in conditional statements after appropriate type conversion.

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
if age < 18:
    print("You are a minor.")
else:
    print("You are an adult.")

Output:

Enter your age: 16
You are a minor.

Conclusion

Understanding how to effectively use input() and print() is essential for building interactive Python programs. These functions form the basis of user interaction and output display.