China type Climate – Warm Temperate Eastern Margin
by Devender
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This type of climate is found just outside the tropics on the eastern margin of the continent in warm temperate latitudes. It has more rainfall than the Mediterranean climate in the same latitudes. The rainfall is received mainly in the summers.
China type Climate – Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate
The Eastern margin climate can be further divided into 3 types:
- China Type - Temperate monsoonal (Central & North China including southern Japan)
- Gulf Type - Southeastern US bordering Gulf of Mexico (Slight monsoonal)
- Natal Type - Natal (Africa), South Wales (Australia), Parana (Southern Brazil), Paraguay, Uruguay, and Northern Argentina (South America)
- The rainfall is from 75 to 150 cm
- It is fairly distributed throughout the year
- There are no dry months except the interiors of central China
- In summers, the rain comes as convection or orographic
- In winters, the rain comes from depressions
- There is approx. 100 cm of rainfall per annum
- It decreases landwards with a summer maximum in June & July
- It is very cold and dry
- It causes a little rain but considerate snow as the cold winds are warmed and moistened
- Great annual temperature range
- Occurrence of typhoons originating from the Pacific Ocean
- These typhoons move westward to the coastlands, bordering the South China Sea
- Complete reversal of winds is not present
- Heavy annual rainfall with an average of 100 to 150 cm annually
- There is no distinctive dry period
- The annual range of temperature is much less compared to China type of climate
- Due to intense heating of the land, violent tornadoes do occur sometimes
- The Southeast trade winds bring even distribution of rainfall throughout the year
- The mean annual rainfall is 100 to 150 cm
- The annual temperature range is small and doesn't have any really cold months
- Natural Vegetation:
- On the highlands, various species of conifers such as pines & cypresses are present
- They act as important softwood
- The dry season or the cold season doesn't affect the perennial plant growth
- Agricultural Developments:
- Corn:
- Out of total corn production in the world, around 50% is accounted for by the USA
- However, the USA only 3% of its total corn production
- Most of the corn in the USA is used in fattening animals
- It is done to hog the corn down in the fields
- The animals fattening is done for monetary gain as these animals are sold to meat plants
This type of climate has a warm, moist summer and a cool, dry winter which is strongly modified by the maritime influence. Occasionally, the temperature is brought to the freezing point by the penetration of cold air from the continental interiors. However, the temperature is warm the rest of the time.
1 China Type climate:
Great pressure changes between summers and winters are induced by the great landmass of the Asiatic interior and the Pacific Ocean. It gives rise to a temperate monsoonal type of climate.
In summers, a region of low pressure is set up due to intense heating of the Asiatic interior. The tropical pacific Airstream is drawn in as the rain-bearing South-East Monsoon. It results in heavy precipitation in China.
In winters, between the cold interiors of Mongolia and Siberia and a warmer Pacific coastland, a steep pressure gradient is set up. It results in the North West monsoon which occurs due to the outward flow of continental polar air.
The other characteristic features of this type of climate are:
2 Gulf Type climate:
The Gulf-Atlantic regions of the US experience a type of climate which is very similar to the central China climate. The difference is that the monsoonal characteristics are less well established. The pressure gradient between mainland America and the Atlantic Ocean is less marked.
However, the tendency of the dry period is maximum towards the summer because of the onshore trade winds that swing landward from the Atlantic. The amount of rain gets increased by thunderstorms in summers and hurricanes by Sept and October. However, some places show a secondary maximum in winters.
3 Natal Type climate:
Due to the narrowness of the continents & the dominance of maritime influence, the monsoonal elements get eliminated. It characterizes the corresponding climates of the N-hemisphere.
There is a slight autumn-winter maximum from March to July because of the passage depressions along the southern edges of warm temperate eastern margins. The southern continents have local storms such as – Southerly buster (violent cold wind) in South Wales, cold winds in Argentina, Pampero in Uruguay and Berg (A hot, dry wind) in southeast Africa.
The eastern margin of the warm temperate latitudes has very luxuriant vegetation because they receive much more rainfall than the Western margin or the continental interiors. The lowlands are quite similar to the tropical monsoon forests and have both evergreen broad leave forests and deciduous trees.
The rainfall is well distributed all over the year. Hence, the conditions are well suited for a rich variety of plant life including grass, ferns, lianas, bamboos, palms, and forests.
The warm temperate eastern margins are home to a number of valuable timber and economically viable species which are-
Eucalyptus | Australia (Exporter) |
Parana Pine, Quebracho (Axebreaker) | SE Brazil, E Paraguay, N Argentina |
Leaves of Yerba Mate Trees | Paraguay Tea |
Chestnuts, Ironwoods and Blackwoods | Highlands of Natal |
Palm trees | Coastal areas of Natal |
Oak, Camphor, Camelia and Magnolia | China and Southern Japan |
These regions are the most productive parts of the middle latitudes because of adequate rainfall, the absence of prolonged drought, and the cold season is warm enough for most of the crops to survive. Summer is the busiest part of the farming year.
China | Rice, Tea and Mulberries (for feeding silkworms for sericulture) |
Gulf (N America) | Corn, Cotton, Tobacco |
Natal (S America) | Cane sugar, Cotton & Tobacco |
South America | Coffee, Maize, Pines, Paraguay Tea, Wheat, Cattle & Sheep |
South Wales and Victoria | Dairying (Milk, Butter, Cheese), Cotton, Cane Sugar, Maize |
China is the greatest rice-producing country in the world but despite that, it doesn't export and even import food grains. Because of the intense population of China, it grows rice and tea only for subsistence purposes.
Corn is very easy to cultivate with respect to soil, climate, and labor. One of the most outstanding features of corn is its prolific yield, it gives twice as much food per acre compared to wheat and other cereals.
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