strings concatenation in C
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Concatenation of strings in C refers to the process of combining or joining two or more strings together to form a single string.
In C, strings are represented as arrays of characters terminated by a null ('\0') character.
There are multiple ways to concatenate strings in C, both using standard library functions and manual methods.
Using Standard Library Functions
1strcat() Function:The strcat() function is used to concatenate two strings. It appends the content of the source string to the destination string.
Syntax:
char* strcat(char* destination, const char* source);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h> int main() { char str1[50] = "Hello"; char str2[] = " World"; strcat(str1, str2); printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1); return 0; }
Output:
Concatenated string: Hello World2Using sprintf() Function:
The sprintf() function can be used to format and store a series of characters in a string buffer.
Syntax:
int sprintf(char* buffer, const char* format, ...);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>int main() { char buffer[50]; char str1[] = "Hello"; char str2[] = " World"; sprintf(buffer, "%s%s", str1, str2); printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", buffer); return 0; }
Output:
Concatenated string: Hello World
Manual Concatenation
Using Loops:
You can use loops like for or while to manually concatenate strings character by character.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>int main() { char str1[50] = "Hello"; char str2[] = " World"; int i, j; for (i = 0; str1[i] != '\0'; ++i); for (j = 0; str2[j] != '\0'; ++j, ++i) { str1[i] = str2[j]; } str1[i] = '\0'; printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1); return 0; }
Output:
Concatenated string: Hello World
Key Points:
Null Termination: Ensure that the destination string has enough space to accommodate the concatenated result and ends with a null character ('\0').
Buffer Overflow: Be cautious about buffer overflows while concatenating strings manually to avoid undefined behavior.
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